An electrically operated tricycle is a three-wheeled transport vehicle that uses batteries as power and motors as drive to transport goods or people. Electric tricycles use tubular large-capacity, left and right linings, deep discharge, and traction batteries, which can meet the requirements of long-term continuous discharge. The battery can be used normally for two years without reducing its capacity.

The motor of an electric tricycle uses a DC series-excited traction brushed or brushless motor, and the motor is equipped with a speed-regulating and force-enhancing device. It is not easy to be damaged during normal use, ensuring strong output power.

Uses

Electricity is an important energy source that is environmentally friendly, clean, and has a high conversion rate. It is widely used in production and life. Using electricity as an application to drive the replacement of transportation tools, promote the low-carbon development of the transportation industry, reduce transportation costs, save energy, and protect the environment is one of the important research topics of countries around the world. After decades of development, it has been applied to electric city buses, electric transportation vehicles for factories and mines, electric city sanitation cleaning vehicles, engineering, tunnels, subway construction special vehicles and many other fields.

Electric tricycles can flexibly travel between narrow roads with their strong applicability, maneuverability, simple maintenance, convenient repair, and low price. Electric tricycles have a reversing switch that can easily realize the reverse and forward driving function, which is very practical in narrow alleys and lanes, and is very convenient for driving and parking. It is widely used in short-distance transportation fields such as families, urban and rural areas, individual rentals, factories, mining areas, sanitation, and community cleaning.

Classification

Electric tricycles are divided into household, freight, and factory types according to their uses. Due to different uses, the technical standards used are also different. Most household electric tricycles use side wheel motors and external frames (the frames are outside the wheels). This type of vehicle has no large axle and a light load capacity, generally around 200KG. The motor is generally 350-500W, and the battery is 12V20AH. It is suitable for household and elderly mobility tools. There are also mid-mounted motors with large shafts (the large shaft is also called the rear axle or rear beam, which is the axle connecting the rear two wheels of the tricycle and an important part of the tricycle). This type of vehicle has good stability, and the mid-mounted motor drives the rear two wheels at the same time, and the start is smooth, but this type of tricycle is generally more expensive.

Freight electric tricycles are also divided into two types, one is a motorcycle type, and the configuration and style are similar to three-wheeled motorcycles. The mid-mounted motor has a large shaft and is equipped with a motor of more than 500W. The cargo capacity is generally 300-600KG, and it is equipped with a forward and reverse switch and a speed control system. The fastest speed on the road is about 35 kilometers per hour. One type is a motorized tricycle, which is mostly modified from a motorized tricycle. The rear axle and the car box are completely configured with a motorized tricycle. The load capacity is more than one ton. The speed can be adjusted by the gearbox. It is equipped with 4-5 120AH large-capacity batteries and a DC motor of more than 900W. There are cabs and no cabs. It can also be equipped with a hydraulic lifting device. It is used for loading and unloading bulk materials in the factory and for urban garbage removal.

The factory-type electric tricycle is generally used in a harsh environment. The motor and battery are required to be durable and can adapt to dust, high temperature, rugged roads and other environments. The frame material and welding process requirements are relatively high. The thickness of the frame pipe is more than 2.5MM, the diameter of the rear axle is more than 78MM, and the welding adopts plasma shielded welding. The welding density is high, the weld tensile strength is large, and it is not easy to break. It can adapt to the requirements of the factory operating environment. The most common applications of electric tricycles in factories include brick factory throwing carts, electric flatbed trucks, electric lifting and water transporting carts, etc. for brick factories; electric kiln loading carts and electric kiln unloading carts for brick factories, kiln factories, refractory factories, ceramic factories, roasting factories, etc.; electric transport vehicles, electric dump trucks, electric sanitation cleaning vehicles, etc. for engineering, tunnels, and sanitation. Electric transport vehicles and electric dump trucks are also used in flour mills, ore dressing plants, chemical plants, furnace charge plants, farms, wholesale departments, urban and rural households, rentals and other short-distance transportation.

Development History

The world's first electric tricycle was born in 1881. The inventor was French engineer Gustave Trouff. It was a tricycle powered by lead-acid batteries. In 1873, the electric car invented by British Robert Davidson using primary batteries was not included in the international recognition scope. Later, electric vehicles using lead-acid, nickel-cadmium, nickel-metal hydride batteries, lithium-ion batteries, and fuel cells as power appeared.

Battery

Battery types and performance

1. Lead-acid battery (including lead-acid gel battery), cheap, stable performance, electric vehicles on the market use this type of battery
2. Lithium-ion battery (often referred to as lithium battery), expensive, unstable performance, prone to explosion, low safety factor. The lithium iron phosphate power battery being developed and used solves the safety problem.

Battery maintenance

1. The battery cannot be stored with low power. Low power means that if the battery is not charged in time after the power is used up, it is easy to cause sulfuric acid to salt, so that lead sulfate crystals adhere to the battery plates, blocking the channel of ions, causing charging to fail, and the battery capacity will decrease. The longer the idle time in the low power state, the more serious the battery damage. When the battery is idle, it should be charged once a month to extend the battery life.
2.  The battery of the electric tricycle should be inspected regularly during use. If the mileage of the electric bicycle suddenly drops by more than ten kilometers in a short period of time, it is very likely that at least one battery in the battery pack has a short circuit phenomenon such as broken grid, softened plate, and falling of active material on the plate. At this time, you should go to a professional battery repair agency for inspection, repair or assembly in time. .
3. Do not discharge with high current. When starting, carrying people, and going uphill, it is best to use pedals to assist, and try to avoid instantaneous high current discharge. High current discharge can easily lead to lead sulfate crystallization, thereby damaging the physical properties of the battery plate. . .
4. Master the charging time. Under normal circumstances, the battery is charged at night, and the average charging time is about 8 hours. If it is shallow discharge (the mileage after charging is very short), the battery will be fully charged soon, and continued charging will cause overcharging, causing the battery to lose water and heat, and reduce the battery life. Therefore, it is best to charge the battery once when the discharge depth is 50%-60%. It can be converted into riding mileage during actual use. Perform necessary charging according to actual conditions to avoid harmful charging. . .
5. Prevent electric vehicles from being exposed to high temperatures. It is strictly forbidden to expose them to the sun. An environment with too high a temperature will increase the internal pressure of the battery and force the battery pressure limiting valve to open automatically. The direct consequence is an increase in the water loss of the battery. Excessive water loss will inevitably lead to a decrease in battery activity, accelerated plate softening, and fatal damage such as heating, bulging, and deformation of the shell during charging. . .

Maintenance

(1) Before riding, check whether the battery box is locked and whether the lights on the display panel are normal.

(2) When driving on a flooded road in rainy days, drive normally if the depth of the water does not exceed the center of the electric wheel. If the depth of the water on the road exceeds the center of the electric wheel, the electric wheel may seep water and cause malfunction.

(3) The whole vehicle should not be placed in places with humid air, high temperature and corrosive gases to avoid chemical corrosion on the electroplated paint surface of metal parts.

(4) The whole vehicle should be kept away from the sun and rain for a long time to avoid damage to the components in the controller, causing operation failure and accidents.

(5) The structure of the electrical control part is complex and users should not disassemble or repair it without authorization. If the local charging voltage is unstable, the charger fuse is likely to blow. It is recommended to use an AC voltage stabilizer.

(6) It is normal for the electric bicycle to feel heavy when reversing and to have a slight friction sound in the wheel hub when pushing forward.

(7) Do not overload when riding, and do not place heavy objects or carry people to avoid damage to the battery and motor.

(8) Lubrication of bicycles is an important part of bicycle maintenance. Depending on the usage, the front axle, rear axle, middle axle, flywheel, front fork, shock absorber pivot and other parts should be cleaned and lubricated every six months to one year (molybdenum disulfide grease is recommended). The transmission parts in the electric wheel hub have been coated with special lubricating oil, and users do not need to clean and lubricate them by themselves. If any abnormality is found, you can go to our company's authorized maintenance point for maintenance and repair.

The safety of electric tricycles starts from the time of purchase. It can be seen that to ensure the safety of electric tricycles during use, consumers should start to pay attention when purchasing. The protection systems of regular manufacturers are relatively complete, and the circuit materials and interfaces of various components are relatively regular. Consumers should not be greedy for cheapness, and must choose electric tricycle models from regular manufacturers or well-known brands.

In addition, consumers should also pay attention to the standardized operation of electric tricycles and batteries during use to prevent overcharging and over-discharging. After the electric tricycle battery is heated, cooling measures should be taken, and charging can only be carried out when the temperature of the electric tricycle battery returns to normal. The installation position of the electric tricycle battery should ensure good heat dissipation as much as possible. When overheating is found, charging should be stopped, and the charger and electric tricycle battery should be checked. The charging time should be shortened when the discharge depth of the electric tricycle battery is shallow or the ambient temperature is high.

After the electric tricycle battery is discharged to the termination voltage, continued discharge is called over-discharge. Over-discharge will seriously damage the electric tricycle battery and is extremely unfavorable to the electrical performance and cycle life of the electric tricycle battery. In general, when purchasing an electric tricycle, consumers should not judge the quality of a vehicle based solely on price, mileage and other factors. It is equally important whether the wiring materials and component contacts are good. In addition, the battery must not have a short circuit. Special care should be taken during installation or use. The tools used should be insulated. When connecting, electrical appliances other than the battery should be connected first. After checking that there is no short circuit, the electric tricycle battery should be connected last. The wiring specifications should be well insulated to prevent overlapping pressure and rupture. Only in this way can the electric tricycle be safer and used longer.